buy custom Militancy essay

purchase custom Militancy article For whatever length of time that the law fortified the norm, women's activists battling against testimonial needed to adopt an extreme strategy so as to get legitimate plan of action. They needed to introduce a genuine danger to the built up framework. The issue of the organization of law as it identified with governmental issues introduced unpretentious difficulties. For one, the Suffrage Association had later, on during the course, turned traditionalist, with the principle guarantee progressed being that regardless of whether ladies were given force at the polling booth, they would not utilize it. This didn't persuade the officials and the male-commanded establishment of law. An excessive amount of slowing down prompted despair among womens rights activists to the degree that they began conjuring aggressor dangers so as to offer stimulus to crusades in an unglued offer to catalyze the advancement change. 50 years was an extremely prolonged stretch of time for an underestimated social gathering to sit tight for law changes. This is something that the new authority of the Womens Rights Movement saw well indeed and hence turned into the fundamental wellspring of inspiration for aggressor measures to be embraced. The force with which the suffragist plan had been presented during the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, Duncan battles, was reignited with the takeover by youthful, vigorous and progressively illuminated youthful pioneers (619). Furthermore, a sharp complexity can be determined between those suffragists who were wangling over the ramifications of emancipating the dark populace, supporting for institutional changes and battling for state enactment so as to get the intensity of the polling form. Such fights, aside from driving parting of existing associations arrangement of new ones, caused to notice the shortcomings of the course that ladies were battling for. In spite of the fact that the rival sides rejoined later, it is the activist power that had portrayed the development since its commencement that kept the mission of freeing ladies, in this manner assuming the vast majority of the acknowledgment for the introduction of nineteenth amendment. It is through relationship to militancy that new, youthful pioneers felt obliged to continue with the battle for testimonial rights as far as possible. At the point when Alice Paul, a conspicuous suffragist, called for hunger strikes and activist activities, an unmistakable message had been sent to each supporter of the Womens Rights development that diligence was required, mass walks would describe all crusades and that no trade off would come in the method of the respectable course that the ladies were battling for. This clarifies the basic job that such firm stance positions played in spreading a firm message of discontent and mindfulness with the built up framework that neglected to perceive ladies as residents, accordingly denying such fundamental social liberties as casting a ballot. The fifteenth amendment accompanied new guarantees by permitting African Americans the privilege to voote. However it touched off a fire of wrath among suffragists who contended along these lines: if bondage was canceled on both male and female dark Americans, for what reason can something very similar not occur to the issue of the option to cast a ballot? As DuBois puts it, the way that such an inquiry activated derision among master foundation powers implied that something past simple crusades was required if these rights were to be accomplished (856). History has demonstrated that the choice by Womens Rights Movement to utilize the militancy methodology is that one the one that contributed most to the announcement of the nineteenth amendment, which gave casting a ballot rights to ladies. History specialists like to play with the recommendation that despite the fact that the nineteenth amendment was announced, that is the extent that ladies went as to their privileges. That aside, the testimonial battle plainly laid out the perils of trading off the most fundamental standards of social equality so as to accomplish political practicality. It is no big surprise, at that point, that government officials needed to experience an activist development that was exceptionally resolved to have a lot of their progressive pie. The activist methodology was required so as to fill in the support vacuum that would have been made by dissimilar perspectives on preservationists and radicals inside the Womens Rights Movement. Of these two gatherings, it is the activists power that was all the more persuading to government specialists, so commanding it was that the nineteenth amendment was at last declared on August 26, 1920. Purchase custom Militancy article

Understanding Organisations and the Role of Human Resources Assignment

Getting Organizations and the Role of Human Resources - Assignment Example This examination will start with the explanation that Human Resource (HR) chiefs assume a urgent job in the achievement of association. Human Resource Department is considered as the foundation of each association for the adequacy of the workers. Associations viability and proficiency to a great extent relies upon their HR as they play out a few exercises in regards to advertising, choice alongside enlistment, and numerous other significant errands. The job of HR is of hugeness as they go about as a helper for the workers and help in holding alongside pulling in new ability for upgrading the working condition. In this investigation, J Sainsbury's plc has been mulled over. Sainsbury’s started its endeavor in the year 1869 and works universally with 161,000 representatives. Sainsbury recognizes its solid culture just as qualities to be the center component for its prosperity regarding the job of compelling HR directors. J Sainsbury plc is a UK based association and is probably t he biggest retailer in the nation. The association has different regions and fragments in which they manage. The organization offers its types of assistance in different perspectives as the organization has the biggest general store chain to meet the prerequisite of the clients. The organization has Sainsbury's comfort stores, online food supplies office, banks, drug stores, vitality, and portable. Sainsbury’s plc has a huge scope of items so as to fulfill the requirements of the individuals. In the present situation, Sainsbury’s has in excess of 1203 markets, which offers some incentive to the clients.

Welcome To Guild Camp

Welcome To Guild Camp [by Susan Shepherd 11] It was 5:30 a.m. on a Wednesday morning in June, and Paul Baranay 11, Jesse Ashcraft-Johnson 11, Jonathan Chapman 11, and I had at least another hour of work ahead of us. A row of manila envelopes lay on the floor, most of them only partially filled with character information: the white sheets that tell you who your character is, the blue sheets that describe your group members, the green sheets that tell you how you can solve your plots. A few of those sheets had not yet been printed. And a fewa very fewhad not even been finished yet. Then it was 6:30. It had just begun to dawn on us that we were about to pull an all-nighter, or close enough to one that the difference was negligible. But we kept on, writing and fixing errors and joking with each other until about 7:40, when we all headed off for bed to catch half an hour of sleep before work. Welcome to Guild Camp 2008Boot, Not Summera training session run by the MIT Assassins Guild where experienced Guild members and completely new writers come together to design, write, produce, and then run a game all within two weeks. The writing groups formed around vague ideasthe Greek Olympics, dinosaurs in feudal Japan, a traveling carnival gone horribly wrong, and the End of the World, respectively. Each group was given a zampolitan experienced, competent non-writer who acts as a liason between the High Council and the writing teams. After an hour or so of discussion, each group decided on a production schedule, and Guild Camp began. In many ways, Guild Camp was not at all what I expected. It was both harder and easier than I had assumed it to beharder to come up with plot, easier to invent creative mechanics for the players green sheets. The original concepts were altered once, twice, and again, so that our final product bore little resemblence to our initial plot. Every guild camp is different, of course. Last year the seventh Harry Potter novel came out during Guild Camp, and every writing team reserved a day in the middle of production so that they could buy and read Deathly Hallows. Some years see the writers get sick as a flu virus or cold gets passed around. Every now and then a game has to be re-written from the ground up because the writers find a plot hole that is too large to ignore or patch up through subtler means. My team realized about five days after wed started that ancient Athens, our games setting, had never actually hosted the Olympics. (Oopsie.) We more or less ignored this and pressed on anyway; no one has yet complained. In the end, the writing teams were exhausted. The Athens GMs (Game Masters, or writers in this case) had met nearly every evening from 7 or so until after midnight during the week, and worked longer hours on the weekends. By the end, we had pulled two quasi all-nighters, Paul had caught a cold, and although our amazing zampolit Kendra Beckler 09 had come to our rescue by fixing all of our coding errors (Thanks, Kendra!) so that our game would actually print out when we told it to do so, I still felt like strangling my computer. We werent precisely an optimistic group as we taped up signs and distributed drachmae to the players. I dont know about the others; I was downright scared. Games have broken beforefallen apart due to broken plots that none of the writers saw until it was too late to do anythingand our GM team was just about the youngest and least experienced to ever write a game. If any of the four games that weekend were going to break, I just knew deep down in my bones that it would be ours. Then the game started, and we rushed about trying to make sure that everything was perfect. This is, incidentally, well nigh impossible during Guild Camp, but just because its impossible doesnt mean you give up on the possibility. (In retrospect, that last bit may define the MIT mindset in generalbut I digress.) The game started smoothly, reached halfway, reached the two-thirds pointstill relatively smooth. Then some minor madness happened, which is typical in Guild, but it was all stuff that we expected to happen, so it was fine. Then the game reached the final stretchplayers started running around trying to get their plots doneand then game ended, and nothing major had broken down despite a large number of small mistakes and errors in both the written material and on the GMs part. A typical exchange might look something like this: Player: Hi, I finished my plot and now Im supposed to get this neat item! Me: Oh, thats right, I remember now. What item was it? Player: Item X. But it wasnt in the envelope that the instructions told me to open. Me: Um Oh, Keebles. (Yes, I really do swear like that.) Okay, one moment while I scribble that down on a random piece of paper and pretend that its an item card because looking competent as a GM is less important than getting this item into the game. Good luck! In the end, none of the four games that ran that weekend broke, and three of them were re-scheduled to run this fall for the enjoyment of Guild members who couldnt play in the games over the summer. (You can see the Guild Fall Schedule here; Athens and Japan Before Time have already run.) I hope to see many of you in future game runs, and I sincerely hope that if you stay in Cambridge for the summer after your freshman year, youll consider joining us for another, even better Guild Camp.

Is Affirmative Action Ethical - 4820 Words

Running Head: IS AFFIRMATION ACTION ETHICAL? Is Affirmation Action Ethical? Mehlia Adkins Baker College of Allen Park Cultural Diversity Seth Persky Is Affirmation Action Ethical? Introduction Nowadays, the confrontational subject of affirmative action is rising and becoming a controversial issue. This study will explore and analyze the controversy over an ethical affirmative action perspective, and examine the social policy behind this basic premise that every individual should receive the same treatment unless there is a morally relevant reason to receive an indifferent treatment. The question of whether or not affirmative action is ethical is one of the most contentious areas of debate that lies on the issue of ethnicity,†¦show more content†¦The affirmative action has been viewed as a tool designed to bring about greater integration with the various segments of the society. The other rationale of the affirmative action is the justification that diversity in terms of racial, ethnic and gender make-up within the social class have been marked by rigid homogeneity with ethical perspective. Public administration tradition in American society is full of ideals on s cientific and efficiency orientation of the organization but in relation with affirmative action paradigm in public administration, the value – based practices has been emphasized and gave rise democracy, representativeness, moral and ethical neutrality and equity. The 19th century public personnel reform encouraged the public administrators to formulate new policy with new direction and advocates for change. Social equity is another added feature of the new public administration towards social and political advantages. However, the social equity in practice may somehow result in differential treatment depending upon the needs and interests of different people. The affirmative action in public administration has been supported with the concepts of responsive and representative government through the composition of Civil Service Commission (Galeton, W. 2002). The federal support to the affirmative action includes the many reasons for making theShow MoreRelatedAffirmative Actio n: Ethical or Purely Discrimination3117 Words   |  13 PagesAffirmative Action: Ethical or Purely Racial Discrimination? A comparative Analysis of how Malays are treated in Singapore and Malaysia â€Å"Affirmative action† means positive steps taken to increase the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, education, and business from which they have been historically excluded. Indeed if one were to see affirmative action in the light of John Rawls’ maximin approach to give the greatest benefit to the least advantaged in society, itRead More Affirmative Action and College Admissions: A Legal and Ethical Analysis3627 Words   |  15 PagesAffirmative Action and College Admissions: A Legal and Ethical Analysis I. Introduction The institution of public education has been one of the most controversial establishments in the United States since its inception. More specifically, equality in the conditions and the opportunities it provides has been sought as one of its major goals. There is little doubt that minority ethnic groups have struggled to achieve educational equality, just as they have struggled for equality in otherRead MoreAn Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It?1706 Words   |  7 Pageshead: An Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It? An Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We Still Need It? Abstract This paper discusses the importance of affirmative action in today’s society and the ethical role it plays when Employers and Universities are considering entry to their respected places of establishment. The paper will conclude with what America will face in the future in terms of affirmative action. An Ethical Dilemma: Affirmative Action, Do We StillRead MoreAffirmative Action Is Important For Society1649 Words   |  7 Pages Affirmative action Affirmative action is an attempt to address past discriminatory injustices which may be based on gender, race or ethnicity. Affirmative action may take the form of policies and programs which are mostly mandated by governments and designed to bring changes in organizations, companies and educational institutions. Affirmative action is a vital tool which provides qualified people with equal access to educational or professional opportunities that they would otherwise have beenRead More Two Views of Affirmative Action Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesTwo Views of Affirmative Action We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal†¦. Even before it became a nation, America was heralded as a land of equality. Thomas Jeffersons statement begs more than a few questions, one of which is: How can we ensure equality to everyone? Beginning in the late 1960s, the federal government provided an answer to this question in the form of affirmative action. In recent years, many people have called this policy into question. InterestinglyRead MoreWhat is Affirmitive Action?934 Words   |  4 Pages Affirmative action or sometimes known as positive discrimination have been an issue that has going on around the world. Even though the policies vary from country to country, with some having quotas and others offering preferences in the selection process, the idea of providing special opportunities to a disadvantaged group remains universal. Our group choose this topic as we all have a personal interest in affirmative action and have had some form of affiliation with it in our lives. It can beenRead MoreThe Benefits Of Affirmative Action855 Words   |  4 PagesThe benefits of affirmative action for society The ethical issues around the policy of affirmative action often raises disputes in the society. The opponents of the affirmative action or positive discrimination consider that it is the same discrimination, but of the minority against the majority. Some opponents consider that the affirmative action not only does not help the groups of minority, but also diminishes their achievements by providing them extra opportunities. Undoubtedly, there is a reasonRead MoreAffirmative Action and the Disabled: Should Disabled Veterans Receive Preferential Treatment in Hiring Decisions?1028 Words   |  4 PagesAffirmative Action and the Disabled: Should Disabled Veterans Receive Preferential Treatment in Hiring Decisions? When people think of affirmative action programs, they generally think of programs that give preference to candidates based on gender or race. However, one of the most vital affirmative action programs in the United States is the Disabled Veterans Affirmative Action Program (DVAAP). Under these programs, agencies are not only required to give preferential treatment to disabled veteransRead MoreDiversity Management Focuses On The Heterogeneity Inside The Organizations1315 Words   |  6 Pagesdo not have to prevent them from working together. This is directly connected with the concept of ethical behavior. Generally ethics is defined as a moral code which is accepted in a concrete society, though there are cases when ethical does not mean everything that is legal. For example, slavery was legal in the United States society, but from now it is not the best manifestation of the ethical behavior (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Woods, 2012). This also applies to homosexual individuals,Read MoreThe Unethical Nature of Affirmative Action Essay1729 Words   |  7 Pagesfair for the white. Yes, it does bring good results, but it is not ethical. Affirmative action in itself is racist. There are many reasons why affirmative action in favor of ethnic minorities is racist. First of all, it violates Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by discriminating against the white. Equal opportunities denotes that no one is to receive special consideration based on ethnic background, but by affirmative action, people of color get a head start in the selection process. Second

The Knife Of A Murderess - 987 Words

The Knife of a Murderess Throughout history, many Shakespearean scholars and enthusiasts have examined the relationship between Macbeth and his wife, Lady Macbeth. One objective purpose for closely examining their relationship is to determine who was acting as the greater evil of the pair or to determine if one could have acted without their partner in crime. Although many people view Lady Macbeth as the devoted wife who merely wished to help her husband gain control of the throne, it is Lady Macbeth who successfully manipulates her husband into committing murder by preying upon his ambitious flaw. The cruelty of Macbeth and his wife can be observed in multiple scenes throughout the play; however, there are two soliloquies which require a closer reading. Based on a closer reading of two separate soliloquies, one performed by each character, it can be seen that Lady Macbeth proves to be far from just an initiator in King Duncan’s murder. It is Lady Macbeth who proves to be crue ler and more villainous than her husband, and it is Lady Macbeth who manipulates her husband thus turning him into the monstrous killer he becomes. In two separate soliloquies performed by Macbeth and his wife, the word â€Å"knife† appears. During Lady Macbeth’s soliloquy in 1.5.36-52, she is describing her intentions for the murdering of King Duncan with a knife. Throughout her soliloquy, Lady Macbeth is asking the evil spirits to fill her with cruelty and strip her of her feminism in order to fulfillShow MoreRelatedShort Story1734 Words   |  7 Pageshim down. But he remembers. The lady with the green eyes and blood red lips had walked down a slum hallway to order him an assignment. He was in his boxers and had half a hangover to recover. And she had a knife at his throat. Those two piercing items made him freeze. He could have taken the knife and stab her in â€Å"defense,† but eyes with that type of fire can make a man like Bronson think about his decisions. Bronson gets out the leathered case on the table. He makes sure he doesn’t hit the cup ofRead MoreBurial Rites By Hannah Kent1251 Words   |  6 Pagesand overall enjoyed by all with only some criticisms. When people first heard what Hannah Kent was writing about they were quite sceptical of the topic. This was because young Australian authors were expected to write about Australia, not about a murderess in some far away country. This view quickly changed when the book was published. Many people praise her for embracing a non-Australian subject. Book reviewer, Catherine Taylor states, â€Å"†¦its gut-churning fear, holds an exhilaration that bordersRead MoreThe Musical Theatre And Film1607 Words   |  7 Pagesand trials, Chicago follows Roxie Hart, a wannabe vaudevillian star who murders her lover and is arrested, despite her attempts to convince her pushover husband, Amos, to lie for her. In the Cook County Jail, Roxie meets her hero, the famed double-murderess and nightclub performer Velma Kelly. When both acquire the same lawyer, the greedy and lustful superstar, Billy Flynn, tensions come to a head as they vie for the spotlight-- though instead of onstage, they’re mugging for the flashbulb of the newspaper

Gcse Isa Chemistry Calorimetry Free Essays

Hypothesis: I believe that alcoholic compounds with bigger relative formula mass will release more energy in combustion reaction than the less alcoholic hydrocarbons compounds. Equipment: Different types of alcohols in spirit burner (CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10, C5H12), Thermometer, water, beaker, scale, measuring cylinder, tripods, clamp, gauze, heat mat, lighter or matches. Hazard: Most of alcohol we using are flammable, irritant, toxic and harmful. We will write a custom essay sample on Gcse Isa Chemistry Calorimetry or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1 provide spirit burners which have removable glass caps, this makes it easier and safer to extinguish the flames.   Make sure the wick fits tightly in the wick holder and that the wick holder fits tightly in the burner. 3 Fill and label spirit burners or dropper bottles with alcohols in advance of the experiment. Read this Practice Test Chem 105 Ensure any excess alcohol is wiped off the side of the burners. 5 careful considerations must be given on igniting the alcohols. The spirit burners must be kept upright when lighting. Do not tip onto the side. 6 make sure the alcohols are kept away from any source of heat. don’t burn your self by touching any flames or hot water Method: 1- Fit the beaker inside the tripod, fill the beaker with 100ml of water after measuring it by the cylinder,  and take the initial temperature of water by using thermometer, 2- Measure the mass of the  first burner spirit (Methanol)  and record it, Put the spirit burner on the heat-mat under the beaker and ignite it 3- Keep stirring the water, when the temperature reach 50? C  turn off the flame. 4- Reweigh the burner and workout the difference. – Repeat the same steps 3 times and take the average of the alcohol used in burning. 6- Apply the same steps above with the all-different types of alcohol remaining to test (Ethanol, Prop anol, Butanol, Pentanol) 7- Finally you need to work out the  energy released from each alcohol by applying this calculation    q = (specific heat capacity of water 4. 2) x mass of water(g) x ? t change in temperature(? C) Then divide the answer by the used alcohol to find out the released energy kJ/g Table: Energy transferred for alcohol Alcohol name| Test 1 (g)| Test 2 (g)| Test 3 (g)| Average (g) | Transferred energy (kJ/g)| Methane| | | | | | Ethane| | | | | | Propane| | | | | | Butane| | | | | | Pentane| | | | | | Make it fair test? The answer is the same as the control variables * Volume of water (100ml). * Temperature rise to 50? C. * Same starting temperature of the water. * Always weigh the alcohol burner without the lid. Independent variables: the type of alcohol Dependent variables: transferred energy from the combustion. How to cite Gcse Isa Chemistry Calorimetry, Papers

Managing Organizations and Decision Making

Question: Discuss about the Managing Organizations and Decision Making. Answer: Introduction: Organizations from global business environment are continuously experiencing a significant amount of burdens to adopting an old or new management tools or techniques supporting them to get the most out of limited resources. The scenario is widely caused by the anticipated challenges throughout the global economy due to the environmental and organizational catastrophes, prolonged implications of corporate scandals, and persistent apprehensions over war and terrorism (Farrell 2000). Due to such consequences, the managers and executives of various companies are predominantly thinking about the useful concepts by learning key organizations from the international environment for undergoing and adapting changes to meet diverse requirements of increasingly chaotic world. Based on the importance of organizational learning for evolving approaches and policies of an enterprise, Tesco PLC from the retailing environment UK is selected for creating this essay comprising of principle arguments ref erenced from the suggestions put forwarded by relevant scholars and professionals. According to Farrell (2000), organizational learning and development help to improve the interpersonal skills of the managers while influencing on the entire productivity. The certain shift in focus drives the organizations to deliver more to the community while vibrantly building and sustaining the benchmarks associated with performance (Moloi 2005). The retail industry of UK is continuously facing volatile requirements from numerous factors involving the market due to the rise of technology, involvement of key competitors in the market, and need of coming up with a diverse range of products (Gould 2000). Due to such requirements, the internal organizational structure of Tesco is currently undergoing gigantic changes resulting from the announcement made by the CEO having a special interest in adopting a transformational leadership since his recruitment to the position. Rowley (2000) has explained that the performance of an enterprise will improve to an extended level if it positivel y forms interaction with the external environment. Lee, Benett, and Oakes (2000) agree with the identified viewpoint, as those are the reason causing change to be synonymous with the development of business. From the analysis of the overall change management system defined by Tesco, it can be observed that the associated factors are superior to trigger functional changes to the whole structure and making it a learning organization for the other managers (Lee, Bennett, and Oakes 2000). With reference to Moloi (2005), the change management factors of Tesco successfully identify some of the useful areas like economic uncertainties, globalisation and fierce competition, political interests, rapid improvement in information and technology, and the degree of government interventions. On the other hand, training and development process introduced within the company is responsible for providing energetic input to encourage corporate growth and success by uplifting the performance and commitments of workforce (Tagg 2003). Gould (2000) has specified training as the acquisition of knowledge and skills for elevating the prudence and capabilities of an individual for supporting the accomplishment of an allotted task. Therefore, training and development activities performed within the firm create or enhance ownership among the employees to help them acquire new skills and abilities boosting the formation of a well-organised, productive, and flexible workforce (Rowley 2000). From the analysis of Farrell (2000), the corporate image of Tesco is largely inspired by the confidence of its customers in the knowledge and competence of staffs and workers of the company. As a result, the business growth and achievement of Tesco continues to spark impressively in the retail environ ment of UK. Further analysis suggests that a flexible and structured approach is followed in the training and development area of Tesco supporting it to adapt the individual needs of employees (Moloi 2005). From the analysis carried out by Tagg (2003), the application of both on and off-job training, specialised, developmental, and options programme is responsible for developing a highly skilled workforce covering the vital fields, such as communications, team building, and planning and organising. Human resource management is another useful domain of the organization introducing a highly committed model for hiring the skilled and capable personnel while sustaining a culture with according to the needs of external environment (Gould 2000). From the example of Tesco, the company has implemented strategic human resource practices while not replacing the old personnel department from its internal setting. The business profit of Tesco soared 20% last year promoting the company to set a new milestone for various corporations in UK (Farrell 2000). The plundering success of the supermarket chain is considerably caused by its enormous employee base, which makes the firm becoming the largest private employer in the country. According to Lee, Bennett, and Oakes (2000), the human resource strategy of Tesco denotes simplification of work, rolling out core skills, and challenging the unwritten rules whilst the performance management is tied to achieving steering wheel targets. The particula r fact signifies that the different measures adopted by the human resource department are meticulously connected with the performance management of the business. From the overall investigation, it can be determined that leadership development, training and development, and human resource management are the three core departments of Tesco amongst the others to provide vital growth and cardinal direction to the business. The combination of productive measures embraced by these separate areas is domineeringly accountable to drive the company attaining key business aims from its identified market. Hence, it is justifiable that each area of the firm proves valuable learning opportunities to the other executives and managers to shape up their practical and managerial knowledge and understanding. Complicated patterns of globalisation, political environment, labour market trends, and internationalisations have created a mutual norm for the majority of organizations to develop an inter-cultural work (Ang and Inkpen 2008). The leading organizations of modern era require its managers and business to operate in multicultural, multilingual, and multi-faceted environments. Ang et al. (2007) have suggested that dealing with the inter-cultural differences has long been a challenging task for the managers and executives of a multinational corporation. Such scenario has provoked Early and Peterson (2004) to propose a model of cultural adaptation called as The Cultural Intelligence (CQ) by providing an increasing prominence to develop working relationship with multi-cultural business environment. This essay is formed with the intention of analysing the importance of cultural intelligence in the course of achieving organizational success in the contemporary world of business. From the context of organization and management, the dynamic spread of global economic communication and increasing exchanges in the marketplaces require the application of sophisticated competencies to deal with the individuals with their different values, assumptions, traditions, and opinions (Triandis 2006). Ng, Van Dyne, and Ang (2009) have defined competencies as the certain area of personal capability facilitating the employees and managers of an organization to perform their jobs and bring out positive outcomes. Numerous studies were formed by the authors over the years to describe competencies. A considerable number of authors have portrayed competencies as the collection of knowledge, self-concepts, attributes, values, and behavioural skills, where others categorised the concept as individual characteristics, which can be measured to distinguish the disparities between average and superior performers expressively (Ang et al. 2007). Over the years, companies face perennial is sues concerning competencies of a successful manager while the need for general competencies should be essentially included in the roles and behaviours of an entire workforce. This particular fact principally signifies the enclosure of unique cross-cultural competencies among the managers to shape up their skills and abilities for responding effectively to requirements of people from various culture, religion, or ethnic background (Ng, Van Dyne, and Ang 2009). Early and Peterson (2004) have notably indicated the necessity of cross-cultural integration and transformation knowledge to promote the achievement business success by the organizations, as the entire process would help to cultivate appropriate standards, policies, and attitudes fitting a specific cultural setting. The application of the propped factors certainly helps the business to enhance the quality of service to produce and deliver better outcomes for diverse cultural environment. Globalisation has caused the expansion of business leading the world to be considered as an integrated entity. Hence, the firms are naturally exposed to an increasing number of threats from the external cultural factors. As a result, leaders of the contemporary business should not only be equipped with a high level of IQ and EQ (referred to as emotional intelligence), but they should also possess robust cultural intelligence (CQ). It will facilitate them to elevate their skills and continue to achieve success in the global business community (Earley and Peterson 2004). Trandis (2006) has stated that the organizational leaders are responsible for defining the corporate vision and communicating the same to their subordinates and influencing them to achieve the goals. However, the certain process transforms into a daunting task for the leaders and managers beyond their native culture. Therefore, the leaders must need to adopt cultural intelligence, as it is the only unlocking the door o f knowledge and helping them to develop a new set of skills for attaining success (Ismail Al-Alawi et al. 2007). The particular statement symbolises the gathering of necessary understanding about the cultural attributes and expectations of followers or subordinates by the leaders or managers. Based on such understanding, the leaders or pioneers can build suitable relationships with the followers and develop fitting solutions for dealing with the anticipated problems to promote overall efficacy of the business operation. It can be proposed depending on the provided understanding that cultural intelligence form and enhance awareness among the managers and leaders throughout an entity to present successful outcomes to the business. Without the implications of cultural intelligence, leaders might face grave difficulties in adopting a healthy behaviour according to the characteristics of different circumstances without the need of compromising their inherent styles and qualities of leadership (Triandis 2006). With the help of a resilient awareness, leaders or managers can understand the comparison of idiosyncratic nature with collectivist culture of their followers. More clearly, they can able to determine whether they can work better in autocratic or bureaucratic environment. Lastly, culturally intelligent leaders can be able to understand the essence of communication manner associated with the achievement of success (Ismail Al-Alawi et al. 2007). Ang and Inkpen (2008) have imperatively outlined that managers or leaders find it precisely easy to tweak their current communication style once they develop awareness about the cultural attributes of their assistants or cohorts as part of the workforce. To summarise the overall understanding, it can be quantified that the organizational leaders and managers should need to work on improving their cross-cultural competencies, awareness, adaptation, and communication skills for becoming culturally intelligent. Regardless of their relationship-oriented or task-oriented leadership styles, organizational leaders should continuously devote on increasing cultural intelligence by emphasising on the mentioned factors, as identified throughout the essay. List of References Farrell, M.A., 2000. Developing a marketà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ oriented learning organisation. Australian journal of management,25(2), pp.201-222. Gould, N., 2000. Becoming a learning organisation: a social work example.Social Work Education,19(6), pp.585-596. Lee, G., Bennett, D. and Oakes, I., 2000. Technological and organisational change in small-to medium-sized manufacturing companies: a learning organisation perspective.International Journal of Operations Production Management,20(5), pp.549-572. Moloi, K.C., 2005.The school as a learning organisation: Reconceptualising school practices in South Africa. Van Schaik. Rowley, J., 2000. From learning organisation to knowledge entrepreneur.Journal of knowledge management,4(1), pp.7-15. Tagg, J., 2003.The learning paradigm college. Bolton, MA: Anker Publishing Company. Ang, S. and Inkpen, A.C., 2008. Cultural intelligence and offshore outsourcing success: A framework of firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ level intercultural capability.Decision Sciences,39(3), pp.337-358. Ang, S., Van Dyne, L., Koh, C., Ng, K.Y., Templer, K.J., Tay, C. and Chandrasekar, N.A., 2007. Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance.Management and organization review,3(3), pp.335-371. Earley, P.C. and Peterson, R.S., 2004. The elusive cultural chameleon: Cultural intelligence as a new approach to intercultural training for the global manager.Academy of Management Learning Education,3(1), pp.100-115. Ismail Al-Alawi, A., Yousif Al-Marzooqi, N. and Fraidoon Mohammed, Y., 2007. Organizational culture and knowledge sharing: critical success factors.Journal of knowledge management,11(2), pp.22-42. Ng, K.Y., Van Dyne, L. and Ang, S., 2009. From experience to experiential learning: Cultural intelligence as a learning capability for global leader development.Academy of Management Learning Education,8(4), pp.511-526. Triandis, H.C., 2006. Cultural intelligence in organizations.Group Organization Management,31(1), pp.20-26.

Book Publishing free essay sample

This paper is about Book publishing industry in the USA. Main analysis are done using Porter’s five forces analysis. First analysis is on industry before e-books while indentifying main levels of threats for industry from existing rivalry, new entrants, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers and substitutions. Also, same research is being conducted for industry after ebooks emerged. Next part is looking to the future of industry and identifying main opportunities and threats looking forward. Finally paper is concluded with suggestions for suppliers how to sustain their business. Introduction Book publishing business recently has been going through lots of changes. New technologies opened doors for new competitors in industry and started to reshaping many processes. To sustain long-term profitability publishers now must respond strategically to new competition. Natural thing to do is to track your established rivals and react accordingly. However, as you scan competitive arena, are you also looking beyond your direct competitors. We will write a custom essay sample on Book Publishing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As Porter explains four additional forces can hurt your prospective profits. (1) †¢ Savvy customers can force down prices by playing you and your rivals against one another. Powerful suppliers may constrain your profits if they charge higher prices. †¢ Aspiring entrants, armed with new capacity and hungry for market share , can ratchet up the investment up the investment required for you to stay in the game . †¢ Substitutes offerings can lure customers away. (1) Industry prior e-books revolution Before e- books publishing industry was highly fragmented, which was also very highly labor intensive. However, as many mature industries faces significant changes with emerging new technologies, so did and publishing. Internet and self-publishing technologies brought more fierce rivalry into market. Here is the industry analysis using Porter’s five forces aproach Threat of new entrants – High/Low depended on segment. High number of competitors (over 87 000) implies that entry barriers ware low. However since it’s was very fragmented industry each segment had different threat level of new entrants with K- 12 and college being the most difficult for new entrants to get in. It required significant upfront investment and strong negotiation power for publisher. Also, big publishing houses had higher barging power and get to publish the most popular authors with the biggest batches of orders. To challenge these few big publishers was very difficult therefore for them entrants threat was relatively low. The most vulnerable were small, niche publishers. To start this small publishing business you did not need big upfront investment and for new rivals it was easy to enter to the market. Rivalry among Existing Competitors High Market consisted of many publishers with no one being as distinguished leader, which means it was strategic rivalry. As a result fight for market share was fierce. Moreover, books were pretty similar among top competitors, and customers switching costs were very low. Customers chose the books according the book title or author, but not because particular publishers, so publishers couldn’t build loyal consumers base. Threat of substitute products or services High It was big threat for substitutes, according to the data, average American spent around 7 minutes per day reading books versus 2 hours of watching TV. Moreover, there were many possible substitutes, like video games, cinema and etc. Bargaining power of customers (buyers) High Publishers sold books to brick-and-mortar, online or to through wholesalers. Retailers controlled books’ marketing in stores, displaying (shelf and internet), and shelf time, which had tremendous impact on demand. As a result retailers had significant impact on publisher’s profit. Also, retailers purchased in bulk and generate the biggest part of revenue for publisher, therefore they had strong negotiation power. Finally, books from different publishers usually were similar therefore buyers could easily switch among publishers. Bargaining power of suppliers – High for Manuscripts of popular authors/ Low for material Production: Two of major costs for publishers ware paper and printing. Both paper and printing services were easily accessible and publisher could easily switch from one supplier to another. As a result, bargaining power of suppliers was low. In addition, in terms of printing, publishers could choose either to outsource printing or to build their own printing facilities, which put even more pressure on suppliers. Manuscripts: Bestselling authors had a strong bargaining power; publishing houses even went to auctions to buy new manuscripts. Meanwhile, new and unknown authors had low bargaining power. For them it was important to get on the book store shelves. Industry after advent of e-books Threat of new entrants Increased. Internet and e-books lowered barrier to enter. There are more and easier ways how publishers can reach consumers. People have electronic devices everywhere (phones, tablets and etc. ) and small companies can reach bigger audience much easier. Rivalry Among Existing Competitors Decreased E-books and online publishing had a significant impact on industry. Some companies failed to keep up with technological advancement and had to run out of business. Industry became less concentrated with fewer but stronger publishers. Threat of substitute products or services – Increased In terms of books itself, to traditional book substitutes can be paperback, or e-book. E-books readers brought convenience for consumers and switching is relatively easy, since it can be read on variety of devices. Also, if we take TV, radio, cinema as substitutes for books, threat remains high from this perspective. Bargaining Power of customers (buyers) – Increased The increasing power of huge online retailers such as Amazon, Apple books store, Nook, increases buyer power. Also, the availability of free e-books (piracy) makes publishers’ products less attractive. Bargaining power of Suppliers – material suppliers Decreased/ Manuscript increased. Materials: E-books do not require neither purchasing paper nor physical printing. Therefore those two most expensive elements of publishing has been eliminated and power of suppliers decreased further. Manuscripts: In terms, of book content suppliers, authors have more alternatives for self publishing therefore their bargaining power has increased since substitution easily available. Opportunities and Threats Opportunities: 1. New marketing channels – For example suggestions for customers similar products to the one they like straight to their reading device. Also, more customized promotions, like blogs reviews for particular niche market. 2. New distribution models More variety of members clubs, package offered, ability to buy parts of the books, subscription to content. This would allow consumers to get their content straight to device without hustle of going anywhere to buy it physically. 3. Additional content – Since new devices have more than enough space publishers can offer additional content to increase value of product. For example, more information about author, places in book’s plot, multimedia enrichment to make content more valuable, engaging and interactive. 4. Cooperation Publishers should seek to cooperate with different technology suppliers to publish their content on as many as possible platforms 5. Increase in reading First, the shift to digital publishing could boost book consumption. More than 40 percent of readers equipped with a reading device say that they read more than before. Granted, the novelty of the experience may wear off. (2) Threats: 1. Illegal products, piracy – Many current bestsellers are available for people who wish to download them. But also people can download illegal copies. (3) Therefore publishers can lose big part of revenue 2. Increase in labor cost If publishers decides to add additional content like multimedia, it is necessary to hire additional staff to make it possible technologically, also more designers, psychologist needed to improve overall experience. Closed systems – Too many different formats can be confusing and slow down penetration of e-books. 4. Self-publishing Authors can go straight to retailers without publishers and put their books on stores. 5. Cultural perception – Overall younger generation has too many substitutions for books now, such as video games, cinemas and etc. Therefore, less and less young people are reading books and demand might go down in the future. 6. Pricing power – big player such as Amazon, can set price and leverage price by stopping selling products on their stores. That would give them more negotiation power. Suggestion Publishers must find the ways to fight the expansion of online retailers such as Amazon and apple book store, who enable self-printing on a much larger scale. Also, new technologies as well as e-books itself has helped to decreased manufacturing price significantly, therefore publishers should spend more on marketing. Moreover, with much easier publishing process the supply of books will increase, as a result it is crucial to provide the best marketing services to authors to help them to stand out of the crowd. They should also focus on adding value to the customers’ experience, engagement, something that should be easily achievable with the Internet and difficult for large retailers like Amazon. For example additional educational tools, maps and multimedia regarding book content. Another important step is, to expand the market exciting . Young generation is reading much less in nowadays and most of e-books clients are the one who used to buy hardcover books before. By bringing new types of content would help to target new customers which could improve the profitability. Since e-books are priced much lower, even if sales increase profits may not follow as much. It is crucial for publishers to address piracy issue. There are technologies that can be attached to e-books for tracking where the content been shared. By diminishing level of piracy publishers can protect their profits and encourage authors to use their services. Finally, publishers should adopt more flexible solutions in order to build loyal consumer base. For example different clubs, subscriptions for unlimited content, possibilities to by parts of the book for educational purpose would add more to their value proposition.

Between Silence And Light Essays - Phillips Exeter Academy, Khan

Between Silence And Light Essays - Phillips Exeter Academy, Khan Between Silence And Light Between The Silence and The Light Introduction Architecture is a meeting place between the measurable and the unmeasurable. The art of design is not only rooted in the aesthetic form, but in the soul of the work. In Phenomena and Idea, Stephen Holl once wrote, The thinking-making couple of architecture occurs in silence. Afterward, these thoughts are communicated in the silence of phenomenal experiences. We hear the music of architecture as we move through spaces while arcs of sunlight beam white light and shadow. Undoubtedly, Holl adopted this concept from its author, Louis I. Kahn. Unquestionably, I am referring to Silence and Light, a concept created and nurtured by Khan, and one that dominated the later half of his work. Kahn had chosen the word Silence to define the unmeasurable or that which has not yet come to be. According to Khan, the unmeasurable is the force that propels the creative spirit toward the measurable, to the Light. When the inspired has reached that which is, that which known, he has reached the Light. Eloquently expressing the architect's passion for design, Khan wrote Inspiration is the of feeling at the beginning at the threshold where Silence and Light meet. Silence, the unmeasurable, desire to be. Desire to express, the source of new need, meets Light, the measurable, giver of all presence, by will, by law, the measure of thing already made, at a threshold which is inspiration, the sanctuary of art, the treasury of shadow. Khan believed that in order for architectural theory to be credible, it had to be constructed. Thirty years ago, Khan began one of his most successful executions of the Silence and Light with the Library at Phillips Exeter Academy. This New Hampshire landmark physically illustrates and ideologically embodies many of Khan's concepts and incorporates many of his beliefs, synthesizing them into a tight little package with a powerful punch. The subtleties of materiality coupled with multiple plays of light truly embody the spirit of Khan's philosophy at Exeter Academy. As Stephen Holl concisely expresses Architecture is born when actual phenomena and the idea that drives it intersectMeanings show through at this intersection of concept and experience. It is exactly Khan's blending of idea and design that makes this building a model for theoretical execution in design. The following essay will explore the many architectural implementations of Khan's theories from materials, to form, to function and to the Silence and Light. This investigation shall probe the ideology in conjunction with its realization to the approach, the circulation, the enclosure and the details. Additionally, the Library at Phillips Exeter Academy shall be analyzed in relationship to his theories on education, institutions and learning. As the quote I asked the building what it wanted to be has been often attributed to Louis Khan, I shall ask the question, What did Khan want the building to be, and how did he approach this challenge? Institutions and Education Khan believed that Institution stems from the inspiration to live. This inspiration remains meekly expressed in our institutions today. The three great inspirations are the inspiration to learn, the inspiration to meet, and the inspiration for well being. The architecture of Exeter Library captures the essence of these inspirations, offering opportunities for all of them to blossom. Khan continued They all serve, really, the will to be, to express. This is, you might say, the reason for living. It is this inspiration that enlivens the spirits of the students, and motivates them to study and learn. I may suggest then, that if the purpose of the institution lies within the Silence, then its physical materialization becomes the Light. If we assume that the desire to seek truth and universal knowledge is rooted in the Silence, then we may accept the school building to be the Light, more precisely spent light. Khan believed that the first schools emerged from the Silence, from the desire to learn. Schools began with a man under a tree, who did not know he was a teacher, discussing his realization with a few, who did not know they were students. The students aspired that their sons also listen to such a man. Spaces were erected and the first schools began. Since

Healthcare Oragnization The Longstreet Clinic Compare other Research Paper

Healthcare Oragnization The Longstreet Clinic Compare other Organizations - Research Paper Example Currently, it remains one of the most-advanced multi-specialty facility in Georgia. In addition, top that, the clinics ranks among the best-top physician group practitioners, as reflected in Atlanta Business Chronicles annual books. TLC set on its operations in 1994, with the merging of a few physicians, who negotiated and reached into an agreement of coming up with a multispecialty clinic that would simply focus on the provision of quality health care to the community. The partnership also came up as a way of cost reduction while maintaining continuous contact with the clients. The first president in TLC, John Browning, puts it â€Å"the purpose was to deliver more efficient and higher quality medical care in a changing environment.† His words are correct. In the recent past, health care systems have undergone a revolution. The societal needs are changing day by day, necessitating the need to have specialized care inn variety of cadres. TLC formation came at the appropriate time and did match the needs of the society. Additionally, most clients desire an area where they can meet a team of specialized professionals who will aid and counsel them, answering every bit of their pleas to their satisfaction. TLC did adopt such a system, incorporating major specialists in their fraternity. TLC came into being after the merging of specialists in Obstetrics-Gynecology and Pediatrics. By 1995, eight other single specialty practices had made an offer to join TLC. The specialists could hence work as a team, assisting the client in diagnosis, management and health education. The patient became the central focus. The specialists did operate in different places to reach out to more people; however, the central administrative location was in Wishbone, Fried Chicken Location. With the increase in the demand of services from their clients and desire to increase the accessibility and availability, they did opt to move to Jesse

Debussy and Impressionism Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Debussy and Impressionism - Research Paper Example The paper "Debussy and Impressionism" explores Debussy's art and his influence of impressionism movement. Yet in a letter to his friend Arthur Hartmann he writes, â€Å"I became lost in my impressions, dazed in my emotions†. In denying the influence of impressionism on his work Debussy may have been reacting to early negative critical reviews of the impressionist movement in general. Today, perhaps, he might have been pleased to be included. Using two works, Monet’s Impression, Sunrise and Debussy’s Printemps, this essay explores the relationship between the two and offers evidence to support the notion that Debussy, despite protestations to the contrary, was indeed an impressionist. The Impressionism period covers approximately two decades from the late 1860s through the 1880s. The movement, originating in France in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, developed in response to the French Academy of Fine Arts and its narrow, overbearing and restrictive rul es as to what did or did not constitute art. A group of painters who became known as the Impressionists [not a compliment in those days] felt strongly about securing independence from these restrictive standards and the dictates of its annual official art exhibition, The Salon. The term impressionist was first used by French art critic Louis Leroy in 1874 in response to Monet's painting Impression, that will play an intrinsic role in the comparisons between Debussy as an impressionist and the artistic impressionists of the time.

Report On Bed Capacity Planning In Hospitals

Report On Bed Capacity Planning In Hospitals Nowadays, the number of medical treatment and medicines increases which allows a spectacular growth of the health care sector. Despite this development, the sector suffers from inefficient management and ineffective planning [15]. Managing patients, nurses and physicians is a difficult problem that needs to be solved. Hospital bed planning is a central problem that affects hospital capacity, health care quality and also management of nurses and physicians. During the last decades, hospitals are a non profit organization where the demand is not a primary concern for the manager of these hospitals. Today, many private hospitals are acting with a primary objective to satisfy the demand and to provide outstanding services to compete with other private hospitals [10]. The hospital is not just a medical care unit but also is providing hotel and transportation services. To insure competiveness of hospitals we need to improve the quality of services and to satisfy as much as we can the deman d. Therefore, hospitals need to look for their supply chain and how to manage it. In this report, we focus on the supply chain management of hospitals in Dubai. Dubais health services are internationally recognized and due to their high standard and their modern facilities equipment, are comparable to other developed countries. The location of hospitals in Dubai is strategic to ensure accessibility for patients. There are approximately 20 clinics and hospitals distributed across the Emirate. The ratio of clinics/hospitals to patients is 1:78,000. One of the more impressive practices of medical professionals in Dubai is the post-clinic, private medical call. These are considered as part of their responsibilities. Medical attention is provided, regardless of residency or nationality. In general, Dubai aims to improve the over-all wellbeing of its people. Its strategy is to provide patient-specific care. The most popular medical services provided by healthcare providers in Dubai include immunizations and vaccinations, psychiatric treatments, medical fitness examinati ons, community services (such as marriage and family counseling), adult and infant yoga therapy, rehabilitation, and education on health and nutrition. We focus on this report on Rashid private hospital in Dubai, UAE. We mainly present a multiple objective stochastic programming for the bed capacity planning taking into account the quality of the service and the stochastic demand in that hospital. In the next chapter, we present a general overview of the hospital supply chain in general before we present in chapter 3 some of the Rashid hospital operations. In chapter 4, we focus on hospital bed capacity planning in order to introduce to the multiple objective stochastic program that we are going to propose for Rashid hospital bed capacity planning. The obtained model is transformed in chapter 6 into its certainty equivalent and solved in chapter 7 using data from Rashid hospital. Chapter 2 Hospital supply chain 2.1. Introduction Health is defined as à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well beingà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ . The health care sector is an important sector as regards to the welfare of people. Health services require the synchronization of various resources, such as Human resources, medicines and medical equipment. In any organization, a supply chain must be designed in accordance with its mission. The mission of all hospitals includes the maximization of the level of patient care. The size of a hospital, geographical location, diversification, and the various specializations all affect the nature of care provided in a hospital and, therefore, the goals of its supply chain. The hospital chain may have some of the following goals [7]: To secure the availability of product , To Reduce the storage space and to maximize the patient care, To reduce time and cost of handling the medical team (nurse, pharmacist, physician) Minimize the stocks of inventory The main functions of hospital supply chain are defined as follows [7]: To allocate the main resources (technical platforms, beds, physicians, nurses ) and their location in the hospital. To plan for extra resource needed (medical staff, medical equipment), and to schedule the care activities. To organize transportation of patients and equipment. Generally, the hospital supply chain may be split into two parts (see Figure1): the external chain and the internal chain [14]. Fig 1: Hospital supply chain [15] 2.2. The external supply chain The external chain begins with companies specialized in the creation of the raw material (patent, drug, machinery, etc). The raw material can be materialized (machine, drug, etc.) or immaterialized (know how to cure). The manufacturer may itself be the creator or a company that works in relationship with him. In this case, the company is responsible for the duplication (making molecules on a large scale and add excipients or drug) for the test and for the control. Once the product is ready to be used and receives the necessary certifications, the role of the distributor is to place the product on the market. The market is generally formed by a central purchasing (WHO, national distributors, NGOs, etc) or individual (hospital, pharmacy, etc). Each health facility may maintain direct relations with manufacturers so that products pass through certain distributors. 2.3. The internal supply chain The health establishment is the last link in a supply chain consisting of manufacturers and distributors from various industries (medical supplies, pharmaceuticals, food, laundry, maintenance, etc). The supply chain within the hospital is complex. The size of the hospital, the geographical location, the diversification, various specializations, the high cost and perishable goods, all affect its supply chain. The first characteristic of the appropriate health care supply chain is its diversity in distribution channels. Inside the hospital, the hospital product is made up of items at low prices or high-prices and durable and perishable goods that are consumed in large or small quantities. A health institution is composed of five main activities that manage different types of flows to offer many services or products to patients. These activities are defined as follows: Intralogistics activities which are the fact that the hospital acquire, receives and distribute different supplies used in the service. The demand management that is the planning and the coordination between the different necessary resources. Operations and services given to the patient within the hospital from admission to discharge. External logistic represented by the medical follow-up for the patient. Services to the patient which are all auxiliary activities that are not linked to medical activities offered to the patient (gift shop, religious programs, etc). The supply chain within the hospital can therefore be presented as follows: 2.4. Conclusion The hospital supply chain must be developed for a specific product based on its unit cost, demand variability and the physical size. We can say that integration of the supply chain in the health care sector requires the synchronization of internal and external supply chains to each individual service. A good supply chain management within a hospital is necessary and must be performed efficiently Chapter 3 Operations in Rashid hospital 3.1. Introduction Rashid Hospital is a 454-bed general medical/surgical hospital in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates, and is a part of the Dubai Government Dubai Health Authority. Rashid Hospital is considered in Dubai as one of the first medical facilities for trauma, emergency, ambulatory care and critical care which provide a high-quality of services to all patients within the community. The Rashid hospital provides also leadership in the training and education of health care professionals. In the emergency, Rashid Hospital is considered as one of the most reputable and prominent medical centers in the Gulf region. It receives the majority of complicated case other hospitals are destined to Rashid hospital which coordinates also closely with the Dubai Civil Defense and Police for the training of emergency medical staff inside the airports In Rashid hospital, two types of admissions are used: the outpatient admission and the admission through emergency department 3.2. Outpatient registration This type of admission or registration is present in all hospitals and it can be defined as follows: An outpatient admission is presented when a patient is admitted to the hospital, surgical center or ambulatory center for a surgical or nonsurgical operation, therapeutic procedure or diagnostic procedure, that does not require an overnight hospital stay. The preparation for outpatient admission varies with each procedure [20]. In Rashid hospital, the responsible physician, the treating physician and the admitting physician are responsible of the admission procedure of the outpatient. The registration of the outpatient is done after the patient gets a discharge from the emergency department or the inpatient unit. This must is done by the physician who gives the patient an outpatient appointment for follow up with the required specialty. After that the patient will be transferred to the required specialty. The next step is the direct admission which must be done during the same day. The admitting physician/clinic nurse informs the case manager and the admission office that the patient requires admission, and then the admission of the concerned patient is linked with the availability of a bed. Next, the account department or the admission office informs the patient about charges for treatment as per the hospital payment policy. The clinic nurse will inform the patient about the admission conditions and about provisional diagnosis. But if the hospital cant find an available bed, the treating physician will give to the patient another appointment or ask for a transfer of the patient to another healthcare unit (if the case is urgent). In Rashid hospital, urgent case admission is directed to the emergency department. The admission in this department is different from the outpatient admission. In the next section, we are going to overview admissions procedures in the emergency department. 3.3. Admission through the emergency department This type of admission is different from the outpatient admission because patient must access directly to health due to the urgency of his/her case of illness. It can be defined as housing the patient in the hospital to provide special interventional procedure(s) or definitive treatment. We can distinguish three types of patients in this admission. First, the unstable patients who will suffer irreversible damage or loss of life if not admitted immediately. Second, the stable patients who are the patients that requires urgent treatment or interventional procedures(s) that cannot be accomplished on an outpatient basis. Third, patients are not suffering loss life or serious damage if not admitted [21]. In the emergency department, the emergency physician has to observe and to investigate to know if the patient needs admission and to refer the patient to the on call physician. The emergency physician and on call physician will decide about the required screening and diagnostic tests after examining/before admitting the patient. The emergency department must inform the case management about the admission, provisional diagnosis and level of care needed and check for the availability of bed. If there is no available bed in the selected department, the case manager can admit the patient temporarily in another department where bed is available (with adequate equipment). But if there are no available beds throughout the hospital, the case manager has to refer patient to another hospital. The patient flow in Rashid hospital can be presented as the following figure [10]: Bed flow in hospital 3.4. Rashid hospital departments At Rashid Hospital it exists many specialized medical and paramedical departments all equipped to receive all kinds of patients and also patients from neighboring hospitals. The existing specialities in this hospital are: Psychiatry Cardiology Gastroenterology General surgery Hematology Infectious disease Respiratory Neurosurgery Traumatologie Geriatric 3.5. Conclusion Rashid Hospital aims to provide an outstanding service to all outpatients and patients that are admitted through the emergency department. This aim cannot be achieved if the hospital has not the adequate capacity in terms of hospital bed and human resources (physicians and nurses). At the same time the hospital must run in profit to ensure the future of its activity. In this study we will try to answer this important question of hospital capacity planning in order to determine both the level of beds and the number of resources that Rashid hospital needs to satisfy the random demand. Chapter 4 Hospital capacity planning 4.1. Introduction The capacity is defined as the quantity of service that the health care institution must provide to satisfy patients need. Capacity management is related to the control of the impact of demand variability on the management of the health care institution. It concerns the good coordination of resources through the management of medical equipments, human resources and bed occupancy. Hospital capacity has long been an indicator of the importance of the hospital structure and for budget allocation [18]. The capacity planning is a component of the internal hospital supply chain. This planning is usually used to help hospitals, to do well their objectives which are: Trying to avoid an underestimating of the number of beds, planning for the future maintain a good service quality, optimize resource use, satisfy the requirements of internal and external security. 4.2. Bed capacity management In hospitals, capacity planning usually focuses on the total capacity of beds, the capacity of the surgical system, the allocation of beds for different services, equipment capacity, the ability of auxiliary services, and the number of staff and their competence [11]. Before we plan capacity in a hospital, the following issues must be clarified [1]: The length of the planning horizon (operational, tactical and strategic) The level of the provided care (primary, secondary) The type of care (provided to inpatient and / or outpatient) The quality, cost and types of available resources (physicians, nurses, technicians, rooms, beds, medical equipments and all what constitute an input for health) The hospital capacity depends not only on the number of beds, but also how these beds are used. The hospital capacity can be influenced by several factors: The geographic distribution of patients: each locality has its own hospital. The type of resources currently in use: a patient who wants to have a particular diagnosis by the nearest hospital must visit the hospital where it exist the necessary equipment. availability of nurses, physicians, and support equipment in the hospital Hospital bed management may affect cost, quality and accessibility of care. The daily management of beds is closely related to the management of the hospital. To properly determine the capacity of beds, we need to track the activities of hospital patients (admission, assignment, stay and leave) [12]. The essential role of the hospital bed manager is to ensure balance between supply and demand for hospital beds. Bed management has a long-term component, which is the choice of the overall number of beds as well as sharing among different departments, and a short-term component for the daily bed allocation to patients. We conclude that hospital beds are important measure to determine the hospital capacity. The bed management does not only affect the overall capacity but it also impacts on cost, quality and accessibility of care [8]. 4.3. Models for hospital bed capacity management Many models were elaborated to determine the optimal number of beds inside a hospital. The simple and the most used models to evaluate the adequate capacity of a hospital department are based on the following index: N = (length of stay * number of patient)/number of days = number of patient per day / number of days The transfer between departments and the randomness of some of the index parameters are not considered in the above model. To overcome this shortness in the index model more elaborate stochastic models can be used. These models can be used for the short term (daily problem), the long term (monthly problem) or even for the case of a disaster. The Queuing models are short term models that are usually related to the operational level of the hospital capacity planning. These models characterize the relationship between the number of beds, the average occupancy levels and the number of patients transferred from one department to another based on the arrival time of patients, the nature of patients transferred from one unit to another and the period of use of each type of bed by the patients. [13]. The simulation models have the ability to consider the results of a decision on an item without carrying out the experiment on the actual item [9, 19]. They represent an artificial reproduction of what will happen when random parameters change their values. Sally C. Brailsford [16] proposed a simulation model to plan for the capacity of an intensive care in hospital using software called SIMUL8. Nowadays, the health sector, an increasingly privatized sector, seeks to find an effective planning of his resources for the long term. Taking into account the benefit t and also the quality of offered service. The medical ethics and money profit are two conflicting criteria. Multiple objective programming is a model that can deal with several criteria. Chu and Chu [6] proposed a goal programming model for hospital beds allocation in Hong Kong. The model takes into account the constraints of location, the demand constraint and constraints related to manpower. Black and Carter modeled the problem of allocating physicians to hospital department using a linear goal programming model [3]. The model focuses on the number of cases handled by a physician taking into account that the hospital must be able to generate enough revenue to cover fixed costs and variable production. 4.4. Conclusion The models developed for the hospital bed capacity planning problem are mostly categorized as stochastic models. These models are suitable for short and medium term. In this study, we are more concerned with the long term. This is way we focus on multiple objective programming models to plan for the bed capacity in Rashid hospital. Chapter 5 The model In this document, we follow Ben Abdelaziz and Masmoudi model to determine the optimal bed capacity in Rashid hospital [2]. The model was first developed for bed capacity planning in all public Tunisian hospital to evaluate of missing beds. 5.1. Notations l: specialty in a hospital department, . We have two kinds of specialties. Those called primary health specialties for which we cannot transfer the patient to another hospital and secondary healthcare specialties that in case of no hospital bed available can be transferred to another hospital. : A subset of primary healthcare specialties that can be served by the same hospital bed (for which we are using the same equipment), . : A subset of secondary healthcare specialties that can be served by the same hospital bed, . : the set of specialties that may be served by the same type of nurses , : the set of specialties that may be served by the same type of physician , 5.2. The parameters : Existing beds in specialty in the hospital, . : the number of beds that can be added in the specialty in the hospital, . : ratio of nurses per bed, i.e. the number of nurses needed to serve one patient in the specialty l, . : ratio of physicians per bed: The number of physicians needed to serve one patient in the specialty l, . : the stochastic yearly demand for the specialty in the hospital where express the random demand. 5.3. Decision variables : number of beds in the specialty in the hospital. 5.4. Constraints of the model Maximum and minimum number of beds in the hospital The demand for the set of specialties in the hospital must be satisfied The demand for the set of specialties must be satisfied otherwise transferred to another hospital (1) where express the number of vacant beds in the set of specialties and the number of missing beds in the set of specialties . 5.5. Objective functions The first objective function is to minimize the cost of adding and managing new beds where is the daily cost of creating and managing an additional bed of the specialty in the hospital during the period of investment. The stochastic constraint (1) is related to the satisfaction of the demand in secondary health care specialties. This transfer generates an additional cost (transfer cost). We have to use a recourse approach to get certainty equivalent constraint. In a recourse approach a penalty in the objective function is generated when the solution does not satisfy the random constraint. Here the penalty is the transfer cost. The expected transfer cost is where is the expected transfer cost. The third group of objective functions is to minimize the number of nurses in the groups of specialities in the hospital The fourth group of objective functions is to minimize the number of physicians in the groups of specialities in the hospital 5.6. The final model The final model is expressed as the following multiple objective stochastic program 5.7. Conclusion To solve the above multiple objective program, we need to transform it into an equivalent mathematical program. This transformation must be done following the problem hypotheses. In the next chapter, we will review these hypotheses and we will provide a suitable transformation of the program (P) into its certainty equivalent program. Chapter 6 The certainty equivalent program 6.1. Introduction The program (P) is a stochastic program as it presents two stochastic constraints (P.5) and (P.6) and a multiple objective program as it has several objective functions to minimize. To solve a multiple objective stochastic program, we need to transform it into its certainty equivalent program, under predefined approaches. In the next sections and using a chance constrained approach for the constraint (P.5), a discretization technique for the constraint (P.6) and a goal programming approach to deal with the two objective functions (P.3), and (P.4), we are going to build such a certainty equivalent program to the program (P). 6.2. Chance constrained approach The chance constrained approach transforms the random constraint into a deterministic constraint by considering as feasible solution those satisfying the uncertain constraints with a predefined level of probability [4]. Therefore, under a chance constrained approach, the following stochastic linear constraint where , and are random variables, will be transformed into the following deterministic constraint where is fixed level of probability. It means that a feasible solution must satisfy the uncertain constraints for all scenarios with a probability of occurrence higher than . The constraint (P.5) expresses the satisfaction of the demand on primary health care specialties (the demand on these specialties cannot be transferred to another hospital). It is difficult and not justified to satisfy the demand for all scenarios and especially scenarios with a small probability of occurrence. In the following, we propose a chance constrained approach to deal with the constraint (P.5). Therefore, the demand on the primary health care specialties Ar must be satisfied with a given fixed probability level as follows (3) The constraint (3) is a chance constraint. Using the model hypotheses, the random daily demands are normally distributed with a mean of and standard deviation of . Note that, Then, we can rewrite the chance constraint (3) as follows 6.3. Discretization approach We must satisfy almost surely the constraint (P.6). In stochastic programming, the normal distribution is approximated by a discrete distribution and then the constraint (P.6) can be rewritten as follows: The total recourse cost and the monthly transfer cost for secondary health care specialities are transformed using the discretization of the normal distribution of demands as follows: 6.4. Goal programming approach Charnes and Cooper [5] are the first to introduce the goal programming approach which is essentially used to transform multiple objective linear program into a linear program. This transformation consists on these steps: First, to fix a target values for some or all objectives (called also goals) Second, to transform the objective functions to constraints and third minimizing the difference between objective functions value and these goals. Using a goal programming approach, the following objective functions can be transformed to constraints as follows where and are the negative and the positive difference, respectively, between the fixed goals and the achievement , and the new objective function to optimize is expressed as follows where and are weights of the negative and the positive deviation, respectively. The objective functions (P.3) and (P.4) minimize the number of nurses and physicians in each hospital. As the actual number of nurses and physicians can not be reduced, a goal programming approach is used to deal with objectives (P.3) and (P.4) where goals must be equal to the number of nurses and physicians already working in hospitals. Let us denote by and the number of nurses and physicians, respectively, who already work on the specialty in the hospital. We denote by and the goals for the objective functions (P.3) and (P.4), respectively, and are expressed as follows where is the number of nurses in shortage in the group of specialties in the hospital, is the number of nurses in excess in the group of specialties in the hospital, is the number of physicians in shortage in the group of specialties in the hospital and is the number of physicians in excess in the group of in the hospital. From these goal constraints the additional cost that gives monthly salary of new nurses and physicians is as follows: where is the nurse salary per month in the group of specialty in the hospital and is the physician salary per month in the group of specialty in the hospital. The monthly salary of nurses and physicians who work in hospitals is fixed. Now, as all objective functions represent yearly expenses, we propose to combine all cost objectives which are the yearly transfer cost, the yearly cost of creating and managing new beds and the yearly salary of new nurses and new physicians, into a single objective function expressed as follows: 6.5. The certainty equivalent Finally, under a chance constrained approach and a goal programming approach, the certainty equivalent program to the multiple objective stochastic program (P) is expressed as follows: (CE) 6.6. Conclusion The chance constrained and the goal programming approaches are used to generate the certainty equivalent program. Their use is motivated by the problem hypotheses. In the next chapter, we are going to test the model using real data from Rashid hospital. Chapter 7 The experimental study In this chapter, we discuss the results obtained by the previously presented model for hospital bed capacity planning using data from Rashid hospital. The data was obtained from the administration of the hospital and is related to a recent period (2009-2011). The quality of results here is highly linked to the quality of the input data. We are going in the following to report some of the data given to us as well as the model output. 7.1. Model parameters From the Rashid hospital we collected data related to the following parameters: Number of patients / specialty New admissions/ day Discharges / day Stay of every patient Number of Physicians / specialty Number of physicians / team Number of teams / specialty Number of hours worked by each physician Number of patients assigned to each team / day Number of nurses / specialty Number of beds / specialty A description of the system of operation of each specialty. In this document we cannot disclose the information that was given to us. We refer the reader to the manuals that the hospital published yearly and that are related to his yearly activity. 7.2. Lingo 12.0 To solve the linear programming (CE), we used the commercial software Lingo 12.0. Recently Lingo was ranked by INFORMS (www.informs.org) as one of the most valuable package for linear and nonlinear mathematical programming problems. For the mixed integer linear program (CE), Lingo uses a modified Branch and Bound algorithm [17]. 7.3. Hospital beds The Rashid hospital must have 467 beds in the total. It means that 15 supplementary beds must be added to the hospital. The number of optimal beds in each speciality is presented in the following table: Specialty Current number of beds Optimal PSYCHIATRY 46 46 CARDIOLOGY 74 74 GASTRO 9 9 GEN.SURGERY 84 84 HEMATOLOGY 4 4 IDU 23 23 RESPIRATORY 22 22 NEUROSURGERY 39 44 TRAUMA 104 114 GERIATRIC 47 47 TOTAL 452 467 Table 1: number of optimal beds Only two specialities require additional beds. These specialities are the Neurosurgery where 5 beds must be added and the trauma speciality which requires 10 additional beds. This difference between the optimal number of beds and the current beds is also represented with the following histogram: 7.4. Nurses The Rashid hospital needs to hire 3 additional nurses to the hospital to cover the demand. The optimal number of nurses per specialty is represented in the following table: Spec. Current number of Nurses Optimal PSYCHIATRY 12 14 CAR

The Two-Point Threshold Essay

I. Introduction In the two-point threshold experiment it is obtained how close two distinct sharp point can be together for a person to feel two points instead of one. The value of the two-point threshold is the minimal distance at which the subject can feel two distinct points. The principle behind this experiment is the fact that mechanoreceptors are not distributed homogeneously in the skin of the human body. There are areas with a higher density and areas with a lower density of mechanoreceptors, making this certain area more or less sensitive. However, the smaller the distance is where the subject can feel two distinct points, the more mechanoreceptors must be present in this area, enabling a person to feel small details in that part of the body. In this experiment we will test the two-point threshold at five ares of the body: the back of the hand, the palm of the hand, fingertip, the back of the neck, and the calf of the leg. With these given areas, the fingertips will have a smaller two-point threshold than the back of the hand. II. Materials and Methods For this experiment a compass is used to apply two sharp points to the skin at the same time, and a ruler to measure the distance of these points. The independent variable for the experiment is the are where the two-point threshold is measured. The dependent variable is the two-point threshold, or in other words the smallest distance at which the subject can distinguish between one and two points at one of the five tested areas. At first the compass is set on the smallest value, 2mm, and applied to a certain area. If the subject does not feel two distinct points the distance between the points will be increased until the subject can feel two points. That way the smallest distance, the two-point threshold is obtained. III. Results The Two-Point Threshold Values For All Subjects Calculations/ T-Test First the average two-point threshold is calculated for both areas by summing up all values and dividing the sum by the number of values,7. For the back of the hand it is an average of 22.4mm, and for the fingertips 4.71mm. Then the difference of each value to the average value is calculated and inserted in to the formula to calculate the standard deviation, where n is the number of subjects/values. X-∅X (back of hand) ⇒ square X-∅X (fingertips) ⇒ square 4,4 19,36 2,71 7,34 4,4 19,36 0,71 0,5 7,4 54,76 5,3 28,1 16,6 275,56 0,3 0,1 7,6 57,76 1,7 2,89 6,4 40,96 1,7 2,89 1,4 1,96 1,3 1,69 The squares for both independent variables will now be summed up and divided by n-1= 6 before the square root is taken. Back of the hand: Fingertips: To calculate the T-value the difference of the average values is subtracted by the square root of the sum of the two SD square divided by the number of subjects, 7. The calculated T-value for this experiment is 9,46. The Average Two-Point Threshold and Standard Deviation for the Fingertips and the Back of the Hand The graph shows clearly that the fingertips have a much smaller two-point threshold with an average of 4.71mm, than the back of the hand with 22.4mm. It also shows that the standard deviation for the fingertips is much lower with  ±2.69mm than the standard deviation of the subjects at the back of the hand with  ±8.85mm. IV. Conclusion The results of the experiment support the hypothesis that the fingertips have a smaller two-point threshold than the back of the hand. It is supported by the average two-point threshold of both areas, while the fingertips have and average of 4.71mm and the back of the hand shows and average result of 22.4mm as two-point threshold which is almost five times greater compared to the average fingertip value. The T-test is a statistical hypothesis test to see if the hypothesis is supported. In this experiment a T-value of 9.46 was calculated to 6 degrees of freedom. According to the table there is a 0.0001% chance that the hypothesis is incorrect. So in  other words this T-value supports the hypothesis with over 99%. A source of error is certainly the number of subjects in the experiment. For a strongly supported hypothesis I would suggest a follow up experiment with many more subjects to make sure this hypothesis is still supported because only a few too high or low numbers can certainly change the results with only seven subjects. Also I would suggest to have only one tester in the follow up experiment because in this experiment there were seven testers, one for each subject and everybody measures slightly different. So instead of having human error involved from one tester, we have errors involved from seven. The last source of error is within the calculations. Rounding errors here and there can make a difference if the results are close together.

The Beach/the Storm Descriptive Writing

The Beach. A storm brews above. People escape the beach, quickly grabbing their possessions as rain spits down on them. Music from cafes and fare rides come to a halt as their customers quickly disappear and the happy sounds of laughter echo around the empty beach. A gloomy shadow descends over the sea. Feeble light from the few surviving streetlights and lanterns appear to dim as the dark clouds move across the sky like a creeping panther. Birds silence their song and flee to safer places. Sandcastles with small motes, which surrounded them, are now filled with seawater. Any last remaining footsteps disappear and are quickly buried beneath the sand. The wind teases the scattered rubbish†¦ picking it up then quickly releasing it again. People shelter in cars waiting for the storm to pass†¦their windscreen wipers furiously fighting against the increasingly powerful rain. Waves rage upon the sand, sending sand back and forth as they go. They crash against the sea wall, shooting upwards and spraying the abandoned cafes and shops. Yachts begin to rock with the waves; they are like a gymnast balancing on a beam about to fall any second. The pier fights against the drowning waves as they attempt to bring it under the surface. Trees surrender at the battering wind, forcing leaves and branches to be torn off their trunks. A bird-usually so in control of its own destiny-fights the beast as it toys with it playfully. The once clear sky is now full of thick cloud, staining the sky a deadly shade of indigo, forever darkening like a lid closing on a box trapping darkness inside it. The saturated clouds start to rumble. Below them, the streets are lifeless as no one dares leave their secure houses for the extreme weather outside. Thunder shakes the clouds, as its loud rumble echoes around the empty beach. The smell of the sea overpowers the old, lingering smell of chips and candyfloss, now only a stench of salt and seaweed are left. Sand storms are whipping up from the shore into the air and circling in the wind. CRASH! Lightning illuminates the sky and forks downwards to strike a boat, like a spear would to catch a fish. The smoke from the explosion is quickly carried off by the wind and the remains of the boat are rapidly dragged under the waves. The weather torments seagulls with the sight of dead fish washing up onto the shore, yet there is no other choice but to stay in hiding. The icy winds whistle around every rock and under every doorway; not even warm houses can be protected from the chill of the storm. On the shore waves crash against rocks and onto the sand, shattering shells with its immense pressure. The lighthouse is left to fend for itself on the cliff, yet its light has no purpose, as the sea is empty†¦no one would dare venture out into the vicious sea. * * * * * The sound of rain now overpowers the quietening rumble of thunder. Rays from the sun push through the cloud and release the shadow from the sea. Wind still pulls at the sea splashing waves upon the shore, making pebbles jerk against one another. The trees release tension from their exhausted roots. Birds finally venture out into the unsteady weather after their long wait for food. A tempting scent in the air of brewing coffee comes back and drowns the sea-salt smell. Waves still press against the sea wall sending a light spray of water up into the wind. A final deposit of light drizzle falls into the shore. The sun peeks through the last remaining cloud and lights up the shoreline, to reveal the dazzling sight again. The happy fare-ground tune starts again and the merry-go-round begins to buzz with life again, bringing with it once more the familiar sound of laughter.

Niccolo Machiavelli And John Locke - 974 Words

Niccolà ² Machiavelli, Karl Marx, and John Locke are three rationalists who, in spite of the fact that have changing feelings on how rulers should act, all think about the prosperity of the individuals from society. These three distinctive compelling figures of each of their own separate eras would in the long run make pieces out of scholarly showstoppers that give peruses a look into what the world resembled when overseeing powers ruled over social orders. The principal rationalist, Niccolà ² Machiavelli, composed the work entitled The Prince, which subtle elements the means Machiavelli trusted it took to get and hold political power. The second work, The Communist Manifesto, a synergistic piece composed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels,†¦show more content†¦To be particular he advances double dealing, dread and viciousness as keys to prevail upon power a state. This paper is to a degree an examination of both the Second Treatise and The Prince moreover Marxs Communist Manifesto on whether there are positions that alternate debate with the other or that it encapsulates the guideline of the other mostly free enterprise. In this manner, this paper intends to give the way to the issue and declarations about whether John Locke, would assert that Nichollio Machiavelli symbolizes the enthusiasm of ruler who govern without the assent of the general population, or that, Marx would question that Locke speaks to the standards of private enterprise even before the development of current industry. Machiavelli, Locke and Marx are 3 of the fantastic thinkers that the arena has ever produced. Machiavelli, despite the fact that by no means been a ruler himself, has been a brilliant recommendation to monarch as evidenced by using his e book The Prince, which contain advices and ethical concepts that makes a ruling monarch greater powerful as a minimum in his personal view. John Locke is likewise an outstanding thinker, supplied humans a work which recognized guy and rights. His e book, the second one Treaty has been an analysis of ways the exceptional components of the society which includes man, nation, and government ought to perceiveShow MoreRelatedNiccolo Machiavelli And John Locke1162 Words   |  5 PagesNiccolo Machiavelli and John Locke are, in simple terms, two vastly different kinds of people. They were separated by nearly two centuries, and lived in two different countries. Despite their contradictions on sovereignty, both Locke and Machiavelli shared a primary concern- the betterment of society. 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